Stablecoin B2B Payments: Navigating KYC/AML for Non-Financial Entities
The Executive Verdict
1. The Core Definition: Non-Financial Entity Obligations
In traditional banking, the bank screens the recipient. In Web3, YOU are the bank. You inherit the screening obligation. If you send USDC from a self-hosted ledger, you must verify the destination.
A "Responsibility Shift" diagram. Top half (Fiat Wire): Screening burden on Bank. Bottom half (Stablecoin Tx): Screening burden on Corporate Sender.
2. OFAC Strict Liability: The Invisible Electric Fence
"Strict Liability" means ignorance is not a defense. Tainted Wallet Risk: It's not just who you pay, but where the wallet has been (Mixers, Darknet). Action: Screen every address before authorizing payment.
3. The Money Transmitter Trap: When Do You Become an MSB?
Threshold: Paying your own bills = User (Exempt). Paying on behalf of others = Money Transmitter (Regulated). Regulation: FinCEN Guidance FIN-2019-G001. Strategic Advice: Keep treasury operations strictly proprietary.
4. Operational Protocol: Sanction Screening Workflow
1. Whitelisting Request (Vendor submits address). 2. Automated Screening (Chainalysis/TRM/Elliptic). 3. Penny Test Confirmation (Send $10 to verify control).
A flowchart titled "The B2B Stablecoin Payment Gate." Steps: Invoice -> OFAC Check -> Penny Test -> Bulk Payment.
5. The Travel Rule: Data Transmission Obligations
Technically applies to VASPs, but impacts you when sending to exchanges. Missing data (Originator/Beneficiary info) can freeze funds at the receiving exchange. Best Practice: Include invoice ref/memo.
6. Vendor Onboarding: The "Crypto W-9"
Require enhanced data: Wallet Address, Wallet Type (Custodial/Self-Hosted), Token Contract Address (ERC-20 check), and Beneficiary Jurisdiction. Table: Risk Scoring Your Vendors (Public Corp = Low, Unknown Wallet = High).
7. Compliance Tech Stack: Tools of the Trade
Wallet Screening: Chainalysis KYT, TRM Labs. Transaction Monitoring: Merkle Science. Identity Verification (KYB): Sumsub, Persona. Don't build this; buy enterprise grade.
8. Summary Checklist: The "Safe Send" Protocol
1. Sanctions Check Passed. 2. Test Transaction Verified. 3. Network Match Confirmed. 4. Memo/Tag Included.
F.A.Q // Logical Clarification
If I use Coinbase Prime, do I need to screen?
"Yes. Coinbase screens for their liability, not yours. You are still responsible for your business instructions."
Can I use Privacy Coins (Monero)?
"No. Immediate "Red Flag" for money laundering. Virtually guarantees an audit."
What if a vendor has no physical address?
"Do not pay them. A wallet is not an identity. Requires KYB."
Module ActionsCW-MA-2026
Institutional Context
"This module has been cross-referenced with Legal & Regulatory / AML & Sanctions standards for maximum operational reliability."